Citation Styles: APA, MLA: CSE 8th Edition

Complete citations/references are provided in your End References, Cited References, or References page (depending on your professor's preference).

• Organized based on your choice of in-text reference style.
  • Alphabetical by last name (name-year),numbered sequentially based on appearance in text (citation-sequence), or alphabetical by last name and then numbered sequentially (citation-name).

Basic Format:

• Name-year reference page:

• Citation-sequence reference page:

Basic Elements of Name-Year:

1. Author(s). Provided in order which appear in publication. List  name and initials with no punctuation as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, separated by a comma.
2. Year. Year which article was published.
3. Article title. Capitalize first word of title, all other words lower-case.
4. Journal name. Abbreviate significant words in title; omit articles, conjunctions, and prepositions; period placed at end of entire title, not after each abbreviation.
5. Volume(Issue Number): Separate multiple volume and issue numbers by hyphen (ex: 13-15(1A-2C))
6. Pages.

Articles in PDF format, based on a print source, can be cited like a print journal.

From Washington State University

Basic Elements of Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name:

1. Author(s). Provided in order which appear in publication. List  name and initials with no punctuation as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, separated by a comma.
2. Article title. Capitalize first word of title, all other words lower-case.
3. Journal title. Abbreviate significant words in title; omit articles, conjunctions, and prepositions; period placed at end of entire title, not after each abbreviation.
4. Publication date; For multiple years, put first year and last year separated by hyphen; include month and day if not issue number.
5. Volume(Issue number): Separate multiple volume and issue numbers by hyphen (ex: 13-15(1A-2C))
6. Pages.

If found online or in a database add:

• [medium designator] after the title of the journal (ex: [internet]).
• [date updated; date cited] after the date of publication.
• Available from: URL;doi at the end of the citation.

From National Library of Medicine

Basic Elements of Name-Year:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. 
2. Date. Year of publication.
3. Title of dissertation/thesis First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
4. [content designator].
5. Place of publication;
6. Publisher.
7. Extent.
8. Notes. Can be used to provide grant information or indicate where to find document.

From Washington State University

Basic Elements of Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. 
2. Title of dissertation/thesis First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
3. [content designator]. Can be maser's thesis, PhD dissertation, etc.
4. Place of publication: City (State initials) where university located.
5. publisher; Usually the university the dissertation/thesis was conducted at.
6. Date. Year of publication.
7. Extent. Includes page length.
8. Notes. Can be used to provide grant information or indicate where to find document.

Basic Elements of Name-Year:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. 
2. Year. Year of publication.
3. Book title. First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
4. Edition. Use numerical edition, do not spell out number (ex. 2nd ed.).
5. Place of Publication: City(State Initials) ;if place of publication is universally known like New York City, London, etc., no need to put state initials; put [place unknown] if no place of publication.
6. Publisher.

Optional Elements at the very end of the citation:

1. Extent. Usually includes page number (ex. 550 p.).
2. Notes. Can include ISB or other identifying numbers.

From Washington State University

Basic Elements of Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. 
2. Title. First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
3. Edition. Use numerical edition, do not spell out number (ex. 2nd ed.).
4. Place of Publication: City(State Initials) ;if place of publication is universally known like New York City, London, etc., no need to put state initials; put [place unknown] if no place of publication.
5. Publisher;
6. Date. Year of publication.

Optional Elements at the very end of the citation:

1. Extent. Usually includes page number (ex. 550 p.).
2. Notes. Can include ISBN or other identifying numbers.

From Washington State Library

Basic Elements of Name-Year:

1. Contributing author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, etc. of authors who wrote contributing work.
2. Chapter title. Title of chapter contributed to edited work; only first word capitalized.
3. In: Book editor(s), editors. Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB. etc of authors who edited work with the word editors after the names.
4. Date. Year when book published.
5. Book title. Title of complete work chapter is included in; only first word capitalized.
6. Edition. Numerical edition (ex. 2nd ed.), do not spell out the edition number.
7. Place of publication: City(State Initials); if place of publication is well know, no need to add the state initials after.
8. Publisher. 
9. Page Range. Pages spanning chapter length.

From Northwest Missouri State University

Basic Elements of Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name:

1. Contributing author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, etc. of authors who wrote contributing work.
2. Chapter title. Title of chapter contributed to edited work; only first word capitalized.
3. In: Book editor(s), editors. Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB. etc of authors who edited work with the word editors after the names.
4. Book Title. Title of complete work chapter is included in; only first word capitalized.
5. Edition. Numerical edition (ex. 2nd ed.), do not spell out the edition number.
6. Place of Publication: City(State Initials); if place of publication is well know, no need to add the state initials after.
7. Publisher;
8. Date. Year when book published.
9. Page Range. Pages spanning chapter length.

Basic Elements of Name-Year:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. If organization appears as author, list organization as author.
2. Date of Publication. Year of publication.
3. Title of webpage.  First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
4. Place of Publication: City and state which website was created or organization resides.
5. Title of website; First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
6. [Most recent revision date;
7. Access date].
8. URL or DOI.

If no authors are available, continue on with the citation starting with the next element.

From Helena College, University of Montana

Basic Elements of Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. If organization appears as author, list organization as author.
2. Title of webpage. First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
3. Place of Publication:  City and state which website was created or organization resides.
4. Title of website; First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
5. Date of publication Year of publication.
6. [date updated;
7. date accessed].
8. URL or DOI.

If no authors are available, continue on with the citation starting with the next element.

Basic Elements of Name-Year:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. 
2. Date. Year of publication.
3. Title of report. First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
4. Edition.
5. Place of publication:
6. publisher.
7. Extent.
8. Report number:
9. Notes.

Basic Elements of Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name:

1. Author(s). Last name and initials as Author AA, Author BB, Author CC with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors. 
2. Title of report. First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
3. Edition.
4. Place of publication:
5. Publisher;
6. date. Year of publication.
7. Extent.
8. Report number:
9. Notes.

Basic Elements of Name-Year:

1. Editor(s). Last name and initials as Editor AA, Editor BB with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors, word "Editors" after last name.
2. Date. Year of publication.
3. Title of Proceedings. First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
4. Number and name of conference;
5. date of conference; 
6. place of conference.
7. Place of publication:
8. publisher.
9. Extent.
10. Notes.

From Washington State University

Basic Elements of Citation-Sequence and Citation-Year:

1. Editor(s). Last name and initials as Editor AA, Editor BB with no punctuation, comma separating multiple authors, word "Editors" after last name.
2. Title of proceedings. First word capitalized, all other words lower-case.
3. Number and name of conference;
4. date of conference;
5. place of conference.
6. Place of publication:
7. publisher;
8. Date. Year of publication.
9. Extent.
10. Notes.